Thursday, April 3, 2014

Computer fundamentals Objective & Subjective Question- Answers

Which of the following languages is more suited to a structured program?
                A.PL/1
                B.FORTRAN
                C.BASIC
                D.PASCAL*
                E.None of the above
A computer assisted method for the recording and analyzing of existing or hypothetical systems is
                A.Data transmission
                B.Data flow*
                C.Data capture
                D.Data processing
                E.None of the above
The brain of any computer system is
                A.ALU
                B.Memory
                C.CPU*
                D.Control unit
                E.None of the above
What difference does the 5th generation computer have from other generation computers?
                A. Technological advancement*
                B. Scientific code
                C. Object Oriented Programming
                D.All of the above
                E.None of the above
Which of the following computer language is used for artificial intelligence?
                A. FORTRAN
                B. PROLOG*
                C. C
                D.COBOL
                E.None of the above
The tracks on a disk which can be accessed without repositioning the R/W heads is
                A.Surface
                B.Cylinder*
                C.Cluster
                D.All of the above
                E.None of the above
Which of the following is the 1's complement of 10?
                A.01*
                B.110
                C.11
                D.10
                E.None of the above
A section of code to which control is transferred when a processor is interrupted is known as
                A.M*
                B.SVC
                C.IP
                D.MDR
                E.None of the above
Which part interprets program instructions and initiate control operations.
                A.Input
                B.Storage unit
                C.Logic unit
                D.Control unit*
                E.None of the above
The binary system uses powers of
                A.2*
                B.10
                C.8
                D.16
                E.None of the above
A computer program that converts assembly language to machine language is
A.      Compiler
B.      Interpreter
C.      Assembler*
D.      Comparator
E.      None of the above
The time required for the fetching and execution of one simple machine instruction is
A.      Delay time
B.      CPU cycle*
C.      Real time
D.      Seek time
E.      None of the above
               
The time for which a piece of equipment operates is called
A.      Seek time
B.      Effective time*
C.      Access time
D.      Real time
E.      None of the above
               
Binary numbers need more places for counting because
A.      They are always big numbers
B.      Any no. of 0's can be added in front of them
C.      Binary base is small*
D.      0's and l's have to be properly spaced apart
E.      None of the above
Which access method is used for obtaining a record from a cassette tape?
A.      Direct
B.      Sequential*
C.      Random
D.      All of the above
E.      None of the above
 Any type of storage that is used for holding information between steps in its processing is
A.      CPU
B.      Primary storage
C.      Intermediate storage*
D.      Internal storage
E.      None of the above
A name applied by Intel corp. to high speed MOS technology is called
A.      HDLC
B.      LAP
C.      HMOS*
D.      SDLC
E.      None of the above
A program component that allows structuring of a program in an unusual way is known as
A.      Correlation
B.      Coroutine*
C.      Diagonalization
D.      Quene
E.      None of the above
The radian of a number system
A.      Is variable
B.      Has nothing to do with digit position value
C.      Equals the number of its distinct counting digits*
D.      Is always an even number
E.      None of the above
The section of the CPU that selects, interprets and sees to the execution of program instructions
A.      Memory
B.      Register unit
C.      Control unit*
D.      ALU
E.      None of the above
Which type of system puts the user into direct conversation with the computer through a keyboard?
A.      Real time processing
B.      Interactive computer*
C.      Batch processing
D.      Time sharing
E.      None of the above
The term referring to evacuating the content of some part of the machine is known as
A.      Dump*
B.      Enhancement
C.      Down
D.      Compiler
E.      None of the above
A single packet on a data link is known as
A.      Path
B.      Frame*
C.      Block
D.      Group
E.      None of the above
The process of communicating with a file from a terminal is
A.      Interactive
B.      Interrogation*
C.      Heuristic
D.      All of the above
E.      None of the above
A common boundary between two systems is called
A.      Interdiction
B.      Interface*
C.      Surface
D.      None of the above
The examination and changing of single bits or small groups of his within a word is called
A.      Bit
B.      Byte
C.      Bit manipulation*
D.      Bit slice
E.      None of the above
Which computer has been designed to be as compact as possible?
A.      Mini
B.      Super computer
C.      Micro computer*
D.      Mainframe
E.      None of the above
Which method is used to connect a remote computer?
A.      Device
B.      Dialup*
C.      Diagnostic
D.      Logic circuit
E.      None of the above
How many bit code is used by Murray code for TELEPRINTER machines.
A.      4
B.      5*
C.      9
D.      25
E.      None of the above
The symbols used in an assembly language are
A.      Codes
B.      Mnemonics*
C.      Assembler
D.      All of the above
E.      None of the above
The 2's complement of a binary no. is obtained by adding.....to its 1's complement.
A.      0
B.      1*
C.      10
D.      12
E.      None of the above
A systems programming language for microcomputers in the Intel family is
A.      PL/C
B.      PL/CT
C.      PL/M*
D.      PLA
E.      None of the above
A datum that indicates some important state in the content of input or output is
A.      Sequence
B.      Sentinel*
C.      SIO
D.      Sibling
E.      None of the above
Which is a non-standard version of a computing language?
A.      PROLOG
B.      APL
C.      Army*
D.      PL/1
E.      None of the above
Which of the following is still useful for adding numbers?
A.      EDSAC
B.      ENIAC
C.      Abacus*
D.      UNIVAC
E.      None of the above
The average time necessary for the correct sector of a disk to arrive at the read write head is _____
A.      Down time
B.      Seek time
C.      Rotational delay*
D.      Access time
E.      None of the above
A number that is used to control the form of another number is known as
A.      Map
B.      Mask*
C.      Mamtossa
D.      Marker
E.      None of the above         
A general purpose single-user microcomputer designed to be operated by one person at a time is
A.      Special-purpose computer
B.      KIPS
C.      M
D.      PC*
E.      None of the above
ASCII stands for
A.      American standard code for information interchange*
B.      All purpose scientific code for information interchange
C.      American security code for information interchange
D.      American Scientific code for information interchange
E.      None of the above
Which device of computer operation dispenses with the use of the keyboard?
A.      Joystick
B.      Light pen
C.      Mouse*
D.      Touch
E.      None of the above
The microcomputer, Intel MCS-80 is based on the widely used Intel
A.      8080 microprocessor*
B.      8085 microprocessor
C.      8086 microprocessor
D.      8082 microprocessor
E.      None of the above
Which is a machine-oriented high-level language for the GEC 4080 series machines.
A.      LOGO
B.      SNOBOL
C.      Babbage*
D.      ALGOL
E.      None of the above
A program that is employed in the development, repair or enhancement of other programs is known as
A.      System software
B.      Software tool*
C.      Applications program
D.      Utility program
E.      None of the above
Any storage device added to a computer beyond the immediately usable main storage is known as
A.      Floppy disk
B.      Hard disk
C.      Backing store*
D.      Punched card
E.      None of the above
Which output device is used for translating information from a computer into pictorial form on paper.
A.      Mouse
B.      Plotter*
C.      Touch panel
D.      Card punch
E.      None of the above
The list of coded instructions is called
A.      Computer program*
B.      Algorithm
C.      Flowchart
D.      Utility programs
E.      None of the above

1. UNIVAC is Universal Automatic Computer, There are no computers with the name as in other options. UNIVAC was the first general purpose electronic digital computer designed for commercial use, produced by Universal Accounting Company of John Mauchly and J.P.Eckert in 1951.

2. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disk Read Only Memory, There are no objects with the name as in other options. CD-ROM is a non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact disk, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. The standard 12 cm diameter CD-ROM store about 660 megabytes.

3. ALU is Arithmetic Logic Unit, ALU is a unit in Central Processing Unit in a computer system that is responsible for arithmetic calculations and logical operations. Apart from ALU, the CPU contains MU (Memory Unit) and CU (Control Unit).

4. VGA is Video Graphics Array,  VGA is a type of Graphics Adapter. Graphic Adapter is an electronic board that controls the display of a monitor. This device helps the motherboard to work with the monitor and in VGA and SVGA the last letter ‘A’ stands for ‘Array’ whereas in MDA, CGA, MCGA the last letter ‘A’ stands for ‘Adapter’.

5. IBM 1401 is  Second Generation Computer,  IBM 1401 is a Second Generation Computer and is the first computer to enter Nepal in 2028 BS for census. Government of Nepal had brought this computer on rent and later purchased for data processing in Bureau of Statistics. After this computer, another ICL 2950/10, a British computer, was purchased by the fund of UNDP and UNFPA for the census of 2038 BS is second computer in Nepal.

6. MSI stands for Medium Scale Integrated Circuits, After the invention of IC chips the development of computers plunged into next phase. Small Scale Integration and Medium Scale Integration (SSI and MSI) were used in third generation of computers and Large Scale Integration and Very Large Scale Integration (LSI and VLSI) are being used in fourth generation of computers. People are now expecting ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) Circuits to be used for fifth generation computers.

7. The capacity of 3.5 inch floppy disk is  1.44 MB, Microfloppy disks (3.5 inch) if it is high density (MF2HD) can store 1.44 MB and if it is low density (MF2DD), it can store 720 KB. Mini Floppy disks (5.25 inch) if it is high density (MD2HD) can store 1.2 MB and low density (MD2DD) stores 360 KB of data.

8. The first computer introduced in Nepal was IBM 1401, IBM 1401, a second generation computer was brought in Nepal by the Government of Nepal paying One Lakh and twenty five thousands per month to use in the census in 2028 B.S. Before this computer, Nepal was using a calculating device called Facit for statistical tasks.

9. WAN stands for Wide Area Network, There are three different classes of computer network namely, Local Area Network (LAN) that covers a small geographical area such as a room, a building or a compound; Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) that has a citywide coverage; and Wide Area Network (WAN) that covers the whole globe or beyond the globe.

10. MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Reader, Explanation: MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Reader) is kind of scanner that can scan and identify the writing of magnetic ink. This device is used in banks to verify signatures in Checks.

11. EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code, EBCDIC is an 8-bit binary code for larger IBMs
primarily mainframes in which each byte represent one alphanumeric character or two decimal digits. 256 characters can be
coded using EBCDIC.

12. BCD is Binary Coded Decimal, BCD is a binary coded notation in which each of the decimal digits is expressed as a 8-bit
binary numeral. For example in binary coded decimal notation 12 is 0001 0010 as opposed to 1100 in pure binary.
13. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange,  ASCII is a code which converts characters
letters, digits, punctuations and control characters such as Alt, Tab etc – into numeral form. ASCII code is used to
represent data internally in micro-computers. ASCII codes are 7 bits and can represent 0 to 127 and extended ASCII are 8
bits that represents 0 to 255.

14.EDSAC is first generation of computer: IBM-1401, CDC-1604 is second generation computer. ICL-2900 is a fourth generation
computer. EDSAC is important in the development of computer since it was the first computer to use John von. Neumann’s
Stored Program Concept. It used 3000 vacuum tubes and computers with vacuum tubes are of first generation computers.

15. Chief component of first generation computer was Vacuum Tubes and Valves, Transistors were used for second generation
computers and integrated circuits in third generation. First generation computers used vacuum tubes and valves as their main
electronic component. Vacuum Tubes were invented by Lee DeForest in 1908.

16. FORTRAN is Formula Translation, FORTRAN (Formula Translation) is one of the earlier High Level programming languages used
to write scientific applications. It was developed by IBM in 1956.

17. EEPROM stand for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory There are three types of ROM namely, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM. PROM can’t be reprogrammed, EPROM can be erased by exposing it in high intensity ultraviolet light and EEPROM can be erased and reprogrammed electrically. It is not needed to be removed from the computer to be modified.

18. Second Generation computers were developed during 1956 to 1965. Second generation computers used transistors as their
main electronic component. Transistor was invented by Bell Lab Scientists John Burdeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley
in 1947 and won the Nobel Prize in 1956 but it was not used in computers till 1956. The second generation continued until the implementation of IC chips invented by Jack Kilby in Texas Instruments in 1958.

19. The computer size was very large in First Generation. It is obvious that computers developed with more power, eliability,
speed and smaller sizes due to the enhancement of technology. First generation computers used 1000s of vacuum tubes that
required lot of space made them gigantic in size. Single transistor could replace 1000 vacuum tubes and a single IC chip replaced 1000s of transistors made computers smaller and more speedy.

20. Microprocessors as switching devices are for Fourth Generation computers. Microprocessors further revolutionized the development of computers. Personal microcomputers were possible due to the microprocessors. The first microprocessor called

Intel 4004 was developed by American Intel Corporation in 1971. Microprocessors are used in the computers of fourth generation computers.

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मानिश ठुलो दिल ले हुन्छ जात ले हुदै न
लक्ष्मी प्र. देवकोटा

Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.
Nelson Mandela


The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.
Aristotle

Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school.
Albert Einstein

He who opens a school door, closes a prison.
Victor Hugo

The highest result of education is tolerance.
Helen Keller

Minds are like parachutes - they only function when open.
Thomas Dewar

Creative minds have always been known to survive any kind of bad training.
Anna Freud

Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper.

Robert Frost



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